Nigeria’s unity is negotiable —Former gov Attah

Ex governor of Akwa Ibom State, Obong Victor Attah, has, in apparent
response to President Muhammadu Buhari, said that the country's unity
was negotiable.
Obong Victor Attah
In an interview with Firstclass. Newsline in Abuja weekend, the
former governor said the only way out of the various challenges
bedeviling Nigeria would be to adopt fiscal federalism, saying the
country, as currently constituted, was unworkable.
He said: "Things that are happening in Nigeria are really very
worrisome. There are those who feel some perception of injustice in
the system. It is a perception, but sometimes, perception could be
reality.
''We need to look at the situation holistically, and where there is
justification, you correct them, and where there is none, you explain
to the people why they should not have doubts or fears about them, if
you wish, even-handedness of the government towards any part of the
federation.
''But it points to one fundamental thing, that, we are still in the
process of forming a country.
''If we had had one solid firm country, you would have found that a
lot of these fears would not arise; there would be common fears,
common to everybody but now they are sectional fears, sectional
problems which means we have not really forged a country and there is
an absolute and urgent need for that to happen.
'You have to renegotiate'
"You have to renegotiate. If you talk about renegotiation, some people
think you want to split the country. No, it is like everytime they
tell you to go and investigate somebody, you think it means you must
go and find that person guilty. No, do not forget that they
investigated Dr Alex Ekwueme and came back and said in fact, he was
poorer than when he went in (to government). The people of Nigeria are
dissatisfied with the current federal arrangement or whatever is
binding them together now and are saying they want to renegotiate the
terms of staying together.
''The President quoted Gowon. Gowon had said that keeping Nigeria one
is a task that must be achieved. That task was achieved by military
means. He (Buhari) is not a military man now, he is a democrat, a
politician. So, the only means politicians have is to negotiate.
''So, what did you mean by you won't negotiate? If you want to keep
Nigeria one today, you must negotiate the terms and conditions of the
people staying together and it goes back to the conference report, it
goes back to the concept of fiscal federalism.
''You would find out that in the final analysis, that is what
everybody would be saying to you. Go and study as religiously as you
can, the constitutions of 1960 and 1963.
"What is restructuring? Several people have used that word and have
not been able to say what they mean.
''The few that have actually attempted to say what they mean either
end up talking about going back to the regions as we had them before
or adopting the six-zonal structure that had been proposed for
Nigeria, which actually is in current usage but has not been
sanctioned by the constitution of Nigeria. Others just use the word
restructuring because it is almost like a buzz word, it is a popular
thing to say now.
''I do not want to be caught up in the semantics. I will subscribe,
absolutely and entirely, to the concept of fiscal federalism. People
ask what is the difference between fiscal federalism and restructuring
and I will explain.
''I am convinced that fiscal federalism can be practised with even the
36 state-structure and one federal capital territory that we have
today in Nigeria. In fact, I can say, it is a must, for there to be
peace and harmony, understanding among the federating units.
Kaduna State governor
''Why haven't the tar sands been exploited and so that they can go
ahead and even have more money than the South-South, if you like, put
together? It is just because we have refused to accept the concept of
fiscal federalism. The governor of Kaduna was the one that said there
is more gold in Kaduna than the whole of South Africa.
'' I am quoting the governor of Kaduna State. So, why should Kaduna
State not be able to meet all of its obligations and put a lot of
money into the federation account, which I condemn."
South-South isover-exploited
The former governor also stated that the Niger Delta area was
currently over-exploited, a development he said had partially fuelled
militancy in the area.
He said: "The South South has the feeling that the rest of the
country wants to milk it, pollute it or completely milk it dry and
then tell them goodbye. There is that fear and it is not being
addressed because the question is why are you preserving all your
resources and exploiting only this one?
"There is this concept of diversification. When you talk about
diversification, people just think it has to do with going into
agriculture, apart from oil. It is not sufficient.
''Diversification should come in more areas than just agriculture. If
we had diversified our source of power, today we would not feel it so
much, at least certainly not in the effect of these bombings (of oil
and gas installations).
''Today, we are dependent almost exclusively and entirely on the gas
turbines and then oil, but if we had had hydro, coal and solar, those
boys would see that they are hurting themselves because, we could say,
ok, you have cut off the source of power in your area, so you do not
have power but the other parts of the country would still have power.
"
''They would see that they are not hurting anybody other than
themselves. And they would see that in fact, it is silly,what they are
doing. So, diversification is beyond going into agriculture.
''You will diversify in several other areas and one of the areas you
must look at urgently and you must begin to give confidence to other
people who have these resources is in the solid minerals.
''Go and look at the ownership of Itakpe Iron Ore. It is a mineral
resource but even the community is part of the ownership arrangement
but tell me whether anybody was ever consulted before oil blocs were
given out in the South-South. You know what I mean?
''That is why recently I wrote an article and said this Petroleum
Industry Bill, let us go softly with it.
''Let us be sure that everything is even-handed because if you now
come by this bill and treat oil mineral differently from other
minerals and give the people on whose lands other minerals are found
greater advantages than you have given to people on whose lands oil is
found, there would still be dissatisfaction.
''So, why can't we come out with "Mineral Bill"? The 10 percent that
was supposed to be given, they said no, that because this one is
governance bill. Is that happening in other areas of mineral
exploitation? It is a question we have to answer."
Why Buhari must look at the 2014 Confab Report
Attah also faulted partisans who had continued to advance reasons as
to why the President Muhammadu Buhari's administration must jettison
the 2014 National Conference report.
While he conceded that the recommendations contained in the report
might not be totally perfect, he said the federal government should
identify those it could implement since the exercise was widely
accepted by the generality of Nigerians.
"You would realize one thing; that the people who today are steering
the party called APC, were in opposition at the time to the government
in place. They did not like the idea, because they had this notion
that whatever the government does, the opposition must oppose.
''So, they opposed the conference and I think they are just holding on
to that for whatever reason. There comes a time when you have to
acknowledge that, well, you did it because you had to do it or you did
it because you were wrong, then you change that position.
''Somebody was writing, a major feature writer, in one of the
newspapers and he was trying to support the president's position with
regards to that conference report.
''He wanted to say that the president has good reasons not to want to
consider that report because after all, and this was what he said,
President Jonathan did not even want to have it.
''He waited until he was under pressure and because he saw that the
people would like it, so he called for the conference. Now, for me,
that is an argument for somebody to look at that conference report
because if it is something that the people would like, why won't you
do something that the people would like? ''I'll add something else. I
read where the current Secretary to the Government of the Federation
(Babachir David Lawal) said he is so busy with governance and that it
would take him about seven days to go through the report; where is the
time to read the report?
''How can you be busy governing without being interested in knowing
how the people want to be governed? To me, it is a very wrong
argument.
''There are certain things in that report -I am not saying every
decision taken was correct or right- that are imperative because they
could bring the succour, they could bring the balm or whatever you
need to create the harmony that we want in Nigeria today. You see,
when people begin to say that they (government) did not like it in the
first instance and so they must not honour it, if you find out that it
is something that the people want, then you have to do it. ''Let's not
forget that the campaign mantra of this government was change. I was
in the PDP then.
''When people asked me whether I saw my party winning the elections, I
always told them that my party would not win and it was just for one
reason, that what I hear from everybody is that we cannot continue
this way, so change must come.
''Suddenly, if you remember the campaigns, PDP themselves started
saying when we come back we would change certain things and I said,
oh, you are now shouting change like the opposition is shouting
change?
''So change must come, whether they would allow PDP to come back and
effect those changes, fine but chances are that they are going to
bring the people who conceived of the change to come in and effect the
change. What that suggests to me is that nobody can successfully stand
against an idea whose time has come.
''The time for change had come and nobody could stop it. Today, the
need for, let me borrow your word, restructuring the fiscal
arrangement of Nigeria has come and nobody can stand against it and I
mean it. It is not a threat, it is just one of those things you feel,
because you see and you know that this is the case.
''Fiscal federalism must come and the kernel for the establishment and
operation of proper fiscal arrangement within the country is in that
report and that report cannot and must therefore not be ignored," he
said.
The former governor also opined that there was no need giving
financial bail-out to states, arguing that any state that could no
longer meet its obligations should fuse with others.